#6 NextCloud 설치 및 세팅

[완] 개인서버 개발/데이터 백업 시스템 구축(완)

#6 NextCloud 설치 및 세팅

북극곰은콜라 2023. 1. 2. 23:42

System Requirements

개인 홈 서버에 NextCloud 설치를 해보려 합니다. 우선 설치 요구사항에 대해서 먼저 살펴보려 합니다. 도커를 통해 all-in-one 방식도 있는 것 같지만, 개인적으로 도커로 로컬파일에 대한 접근 및 컨트롤이 쓸데없이 복잡하다고 느껴져서, 직접 설치를 진행하려 합니다.

우선 시스템 요구사항을 확인하여 추천사항으로 설치를 진행하려 합니다.

Platform	Options
Operating System (64-bit)	Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (recommended) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 (recommended) Debian 11 (Bullseye) SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 openSUSE Leap 15.4 CentOS Stream
Database	MySQL 8.0+ or MariaDB 10.3/10.4/10.5/10.6 (recommended) Oracle Database 11g (only as part of an enterprise subscription) PostgreSQL 10/11/12/13/14/15 SQLite (only recommended for testing and minimal-instances)
Webserver	Apache 2.4 with mod_php or php-fpm (recommended) nginx with php-fpm
PHP Runtime	7.4 (deprecated) 8.0 8.1 (recommended)

dependecy 설치

OS

우분투는 22.04 LTS 버전으로 설치되어 있습니다.

Webserver (Nginx)

포트 오픈

// http, https 포트 오픈
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

// 관련 설정 저장
sudo netfilter-persistent save
sudo netfilter-persistent reload

Nginx 설치

sudo apt install nginx

버전확인

TLS를 위한 인증서 발급

// nginx를 통한 ssl 설정을 관리해주는 패키지 설치
sudo apt-get install python-certbot-nginx

// 도메인을 통한 ssl 인증서 받기
sudo certbot --nginx -d [도메인]

도메인은 duckdns를 통해서 얻어서 진행했습니다.

nginx 설정은 기본적인 부분만 우선 진행했으며, 추후 기회가 되면 공개하도록 하겠습니다.

간단하게 80번은 301 응답과 함께 https로 redirect, 위에서 생성한 인증서를 설정

PHP (php-fpm)

설치

sudo apt install php-fpm
sudo apt install php-imagick php-common php-mysql php-fpm php-gd php-json php-curl php-zip php-xml php-mbstring php-bz2 php-intl

대용량 파일 업로드를 위한 설정 수정

sudo vim /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini

post_max_size = 4G
upload_max_filesize = 4G

기존 수 mb로 설정된 부분을 대용량이 가능하도록 수정

서비스 재시작

sudo service php8.1-fpm restart

Database (mariaDB)

설치

sudo apt install mariadb-server

설치 확인

DB 보안설정

mysql_secure_installation

mysql 테이블 대소문자 구분 제거

// 설정 파일 수정
sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

// 설정 추가
[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names=1

가이드에 따른 NextCloud를 위한 DB 설정

CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'username'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

username, password를 취향대로 변경

NextCloud 설치

다운로드 및 설정

공식 Install 페이지에서 server Archive tar.bz2 링크 복사 후 wget

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.tar.bz2

압축 풀기

tar -xvf latest.tar.bz2

nginx 폴더로 이동 및 소유자를 www-data로 변경

sudo mv nextcloud/ /var/www/
cd /var/www/
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data nextcloud

공식 설정을 참고하여 nginx 설정 커스터마이징

upstream php-handler {
    server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #server unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
}

# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
    "" "";
    default "immutable";
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # Enforce HTTPS just for `/nextcloud`
    location /nextcloud {
        return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
    }
}

server {
    listen 443      ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    # Path to the root of the domain
    root /var/www;

    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    ssl_certificate     /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens off;

    # HSTS settings
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    location ^~ /.well-known {
        # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
        # in the Nextcloud `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

        location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /nextcloud/remote.php/dav/; }
        location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /nextcloud/remote.php/dav/; }

        location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
        location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

        # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
        # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
        return 301 /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
    }

    location ^~ /nextcloud {
        # set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
        client_max_body_size 512M;
        client_body_timeout 300s;
        fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

        # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
        gzip on;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_comp_level 4;
        gzip_min_length 256;
        gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
        gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

        # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
        # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
        #pagespeed off;

        # The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwitdth.
        # See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
        # for tunning hints
        client_body_buffer_size 512k;

        # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
        add_header Referrer-Policy                      "no-referrer"   always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options               "nosniff"       always;
        add_header X-Download-Options                   "noopen"        always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options                      "SAMEORIGIN"    always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies    "none"          always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag                         "none"          always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection                     "1; mode=block" always;

        # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
        fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

        # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/nextcloud/index.php$request_uri`
        # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
        # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
        # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
        # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
        # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
        # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
        # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
        # `try_files $uri $uri/ /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri`
        # always provides the desired behaviour.
        index index.php index.html /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
        location = /nextcloud {
            if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
                return 302 /nextcloud/remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
            }
        }

        # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
        location ~ ^/nextcloud/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)    { return 404; }
        location ~ ^/nextcloud/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                  { return 404; }

        # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
        # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
        # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends
        # `/nextcloud/index.php` to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
        location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
            # Required for legacy support
            rewrite ^/nextcloud/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;

            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
            set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

            try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
            fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

            fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
            fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
            fastcgi_pass php-handler;

            fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
            fastcgi_request_buffering off;

            fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
        }

        location ~ \.(?:css|js|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
            try_files $uri /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets

            location ~ \.wasm$ {
                default_type application/wasm;
            }
        }

        location ~ \.woff2?$ {
            try_files $uri /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
            expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        }

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
        location /nextcloud/remote {
            return 301 /nextcloud/remote.php$request_uri;
        }

        location /nextcloud {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
        }
    }
}

적당히 수정하시면 됩니다.

수정 후 nginx -t 로 테스트 후 success가 나오면 service nginx restart 합니다.

설치

설정이 완료되었다면

기본설정으로는 도메인으로 저는 [도메인]/nextcloud로 접속하면

이런 화면이 나옵니다.

적당히 admin 계정 생성과 함께 설치를 시작합니다.

성공!

마무리

이후 사용자 설정 및 폴더 정리를 하면 됩니다. ㅎㅎ

설치 및 설정에 생각할게 쫌 많긴 했지만 일단 어느 정도는 돌아가는 거 같습니다.

문제가 있는 부분은 사용하면서 개선하는 방향으로 가면 될 듯합니다.

다음은 client 앱 부분에 대한 포스팅이 나올 수 있을 거 같네요 ㅎㅎ

REFERENCE

1. https://nextcloud.com/install/

2. https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html#server

3. https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html

저작자표시

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